2.Evaluate reach of stream to determine type of meter necessary to make flow measurement. For shallow, low velocity streams, use a pygmy-type current meter; for relatively deep, higher velocity streams, use a standard AA-type meter.

4.Attach current meter and head set to wading rod. Check the electric connection between the current meter and headset by spinning cups on the current meter and listening for clicks in the head phone. Adjust equipment as necessary such that a clear click is heard upon every revolution of the cups.

6.Divide the cross-section of the stream into 20 to 30 partial sections based on values noted on the surveyor's tape denoting edge of water on each side of the stream. Concentrate partial flow measurement sections in areas of the stream cross-section containing the majority of flow so that no one section contains more than 5% of the flow.

8.Data recorder calls out height(s) above the streambed at which velocity measurements are to be made. If the water is more than 2.5 feet deep, measurements should be made at 20 and 80 percent of the water column height. For water columns less than 2.5 feet deep, a single measurement of velocity at 40 percent of the water column height will suffice. Person wading adjusts height of current meter on the wading rod accordingly.

10.Person wading counts clicks at each vertical for a minimum of 40 seconds and calls final tally of both number of clicks and time to data recorder. Click count should correlate with velocity chart provided with each meter.

12.Data recorder reduces data on-site and records other appropriate information on the field form.

1.Visually check DH-48 or D-74 sediment sampler for damage. Replace or repair parts as necessary.

3.Following streamflow measurement, and utilizing the same tag line or surveyor's tape stretched across the stream, divide the stream into four or more sections of equal discharge based on stream gaging results. At the mid point of each equi-discharge section, lower the sediment sampler into the stream with one continuous motion making sure the sample handle is vertical. Lower the sediment sampler to the streambed at a rate based on the rating curve for the nozzle size used and the velocity of the stream. The sample bottle should be just under half full upon encountering the streambed. Raise the sampler at a rate similar to the descent rate. The sample bottle should not be completely full upon removal from the stream. Pour contents of sediment sample bottle into a churn splitter or into an appropriately sized compositing container.

5.Mix composite sample in the churn splitter and fill total metals and acid soluble metals first.

GRAB SAMPLING

2.Locate sampling site at a point in the stream exhibiting greatest flow and/or highest velocity.

4.Collect sample and transfer into compositing container. Transfer water from compositing container into sampling bottles.

SURFACE SAMPLING

2.Decontaminate sampling container in accordance with SOP-11. The sampling container should be a wide mouth jar.

4.Transfer directly into sampling bottles.

2.Visually inspect filtration equipment for damage. Replace parts or repair equipment as necessary.

4.Repeat above procedure three times using sample water. Discard filtrate. If unable to repeat three times, use a pre-filter before using the 0.45 micron filter.

6.Fill sample container to appropriate level with filtered sample and mark level with permanent marker. Add appropriate preservative, if necessary. Invert sample container several times to insure complete sample - preservative mixing.

8.If extremely turbid sample water is obtained, use same procedure utilizing pre-filter (usually 3.0 micron) followed by 0.45 micron filtration.

1.Check red line and zero point on meter. Adjust as necessary.

3.Place water sample in decontaminated glass beaker.

5.Immerse conductivity probe in sample so that vent hole is submerged. Move probe around in sample to displace any air bubbles. Turn instrument on to appropriate scale for sample analyzed. Multiply reading by the correct multiplier from the dial and record to the nearest ten microsemins/centimeter. Measure sampl temperature to nearest 0.5oC from conductivity meter. Record temperature.

Instrument Calibration

1.Rinse probe with deionized water.

3.Measure temperature of both KCl solution standards.

Maintenance

2.Check batteries before taking meter into the field. Carry spare batteries and screwdriver.

4.If platinum black has flaked off, a sharp end point cannot be achieved or readings are erratic. Return probe to factory so it can be replatinized.

1.Rinse decontaminated glass beaker with approximately 50 milliliters of sample water three times.

3.Check meter using standard that is nearest the expected pH. If not within 0.1 pH units re-calibrate meter using appropriate standards.

5.Immerse electrode and temperature probe in sample while swirling the sample to provide thorough mixing. Turn on meter. Electrode filler level should be 1/2-inch above sampling surface level. Read pH to nearest 0.1 unit once the reading has stabilized.

7.Rinse probe with DI water and store according to manufacturer's directions.

1.Calibrate pH meter in the field at the beginning of each day of field work when pH will be measured, or when the standard check is out of acceptable bounds. Calibrate using following procedure:

*Immerse electrode and temperature probe in beaker of commercial calibration solution of pH at or below that expected for the samples.

*Remove electrode and temperature probe from solution, rinse with distilled water, air dry.

*Measure pH of one of the calibration solutions. If measured value differs from expected value by more than 0.1 units, obtain fresh calibration solutions and recalculate. If discrepancy persists, begin trouble-shooting procedures following meter operating instructions: check batteries, connections, etc. If meter checks out, inspect combination electrode. Clean and refill as necessary.

1.Store meter in its case with electrode immersed in a pH 7 buffer solution.

*Plug of filler hole should be firmly seated when meter is stored for a week or more.

3.Check batteries each time meter is used. Carry a spare battery pack and a screwdriver into the field in the pH meter case.

2.Check thermometer for cracks or gaps in the mercury. Do not use thermometers if either cracks or gaps are visible.

4.When in situ temperature measurements are not possible, draw sample of at least 200 mL into a decontaminated beaker or sample bottle as soon after sampling as possible.

6.Record temperature to nearest 0.5oC in field log book or on field data sheet.

8.On a quarterly basis, check field thermometers against a NBS-certified laboratory thermometer. Agreement should be within 0.5oC.

2.Rinse probe and cable with DI water.

4.Calibrate probe and meter using the fresh water - air calibration method. Correct calibration value for temperature and altitude; adjust meter accordingly.

6.Read dissolved oxygen value. Record appropriate data on field forms.

Packaging

2.Position the sample bottles upright and surround the samples with noncombustible, absorbent, cushioning material for stability during transport.

4.Close and seal the cooler with at least two signed and dated custody seals and sealer tape. Tape cooler shut utilizing fiberglass tape.

6.Notify project manager of shipment.

7.Use abbreviations only where specified.

* Laboratory name and address (on Air Bill)

9.Secure "This End Up" and "Fragile" stickers clearly on top of the shipping container. Put upward pointing arrows on all four sides of the container. No other marking or labeling is required.

10.No DOT shipping papers are required. All field samples, (natural and QC), will be documented with the following forms. These forms will be placed in ziplock bags and taped to the inside lid of the same cooler as the samples to which they pertain.

*Special Analytical Service (where applicable)

*Organic Traffic Reports (where applicable)

At a minimum, entries on the field sheet shall include:

*Names of field crew leader and team members

*Description of site conditions and any unusual circumstances.

*Equipment ID numbers

*Field observations

For sampling efforts, specific details for each sample should be recorded. In addition to the items listed above, the following general information should be included on the field form during the sampling efforts:

*Sampling method, particularly deviations from the standard operating procedures

Field personnel must wear disposable examination gloves while decontaminating equipment at the project site. Change gloves between every sample. Every precaution must be taken by personnel to prevent contaminating themselves with the wash water and rinse water used in the decontamination process.

1.Set up the decontamination zone approximately 15 feet upwind from the sampling area. This area will be designated by the field crew leader.

3.The general decontamination sequence for field equipment includes: wash with Liquinox or its equivalent; DI water rinse; dilute nitric acid rinse; DI water rinse; rinse with sample water three times.

5.Decontaminated equipment that is to be used for sampling organics should be wrapped in aluminum foil if not used immediately.

Alternatively, field equipment can be decontaminated by steam cleaning, rinsing with dilute nitric acid, and rinsing with deionized water.

If vehicles used during sampling become contaminated, wash both inside and outside as necessary.

The purpose in filling out field documents is to provide enough information to reconstruct the sampling event without relying on the memories of the field crew. It is the responsibility of the DCO to assure field documents contain sufficient detail, and are correct. All entries will be made in indelible ink weather conditions permitting and all corrections will consist of initialed line-out deletions.

*Field Form
*Chain-of-Custody Form
*EPA Sample Tags
*Custody Seal
*SAS Packing Lists
*Sample Identification Matrix Forms
*Organic Traffic Report (if applicable)
*Inorganic Traffic Report (if applicable)

N - Natural Sample
R - Replicate - Duplicate Sample
BB - Bottle Blank
WB - Cross Contamination Blank
BFS- Blind Field Standard
KB - Kimwipe Blank
TB - Travel Blank

1.A duplicate sample will be a second sample taken from the same media at the same time.

3.A cross contamination blank will be deionized water run through all sampling equipment or a Kimwipe wiped over decontaminated equipment and then placed into sample bottles.

5.A Kimwipe blank will be a Kimwipe obtained directly from its packaging and inserted into a sample container.

Each field crew leader will be responsible for all QC samples prepared by that crew.

2.Flow measurements and water sampling should be made in accordance with SOP-01 and SOP-03, respectively. Exceptions to described flow measurement techniques are sites which have flow measuring devices (flumes, weirs) available or when a site has an acceptable stage-discharge rating curve developed. Alternative sampling techniques (e.g., grab sampling) may be used if conditions warrant. Field measurements should be completed in accordance with SOPs-05, 06, and 07.

4.Collected samples for each site should be composited following termination of runoff sampling based on the portion of the total storm runoff volume each sample represents. This is most readily accomplished using a computer for necessary calculations and a cone-splitter to divide sample volumes. Once the samples have been proportioned, composite the samples and mix thoroughly.

2.Anchor surveyor's tape tautly across the stream at desired sampling site perpendicular to the direction of streamflow and attach to pins on either side of the stream.

4.Divide stream cross-section into 15 to 20 sample sections of equal width.

6.Composite each sample collected into a decontaminated container of adequate capacity to contain all samples collected in the traverse.

8.Place jar in plastic bag for protection.

2.Drilling muds or drilling solutions of any kind are not to be used during drilling activities in conjunction with monitoring well construction. Acceptable drilling techniques include air-rotary, cable tool, or hollow-stem auger. If unconsolidated material is encountered, it may be necessary to drive steel casing during drilling to maintain borehole integrity. It is suggested threaded steel casing be used in lieu of welding joints together to minimize this source of potential well contamination. Hydraulic jacks or the drill rig can be used to pull back the steel casing following emplacement of plastic casing.

4.Seven- or ten-inch outside diameter hollow-stem augers can used in drilling shallow exploration drill holes in many situations. Care is taken to avoid contamination due to oil and grease from the drill rig and split spoon sampler. Appropriate decontamination of the drill rig between drill holes is performed. Soil and sediment samples are collected using a standard 1.4 inch inside diameter split spoon sampler and a 140 pound drive hammer. The number of blows necessary to obtain an 18 inch length of sample is recorded on the exploration log. Appropriate decontamination of the split spoon sampler is accomplished between samples.

6.Place locking well protector over PVC casing(s) after outer steel casing has been removed from the borehole if necessary. Place bentonite plug below bottom of well protector; grout well protector in place and lock with high quality lock.

2.Decontaminate all stingers, air hoses, surge blocks, etc. by scrubbing with brush and Liquinox solution, rinsing with dilute nitric acid solution, and rinsing with deionized water.

4.Develop well by using surging techniques (surge block or bailer) followed by well evacuation. Repeat this procedure until evacuated water is visibly clean and essentially sand-free. In most cases, evacuated water can be disposed of on-site.

6.Report field observations and volume of water removed on standard form.

2.Decontaminate sampling equipment by scrubbing with brush and Liquinox, solution, rinsing with dilute nitric acid, and rinsing with deionized water.

a.Turn-on household fixture (preferably outside faucet) and allow well to discharge for 5 to 10 minutes. Be certain discharge point is on the well-side of any water conditioning device or screen.

b.Monitor field parameters periodically during discharge period. When field parameters are within plus or minus five percent over three consecutive readings, the well is ready for sampling.

c.Fill sample containers and add sample preservatives as appropriate. Do not collect samples through rubber hoses. Samples should be collected directly from hydrant or faucet. Perform field parameter tests.

d.Field filter sample water in accordance with SOP-04 if appropriate. Add preservations as appropriate.

e.Complete field forms in accordance with SOP-10.

a.Evacuate monitoring wells with bailer or pump; monitor field parameters for consistency during evacuation process. Remove a minimum of three bore volumes of water from the monitoring well.

b.Following well evacuation, install decontaminated bladder pump into or above perforated zone in well; commence pumping and monitor field parameters for consistency using field parameter box. Alternatively, a decontaminated bailer may use to collect the sample. Well is ready for sampling when field parameters are within plus or minus five percent on three consecutive readings.

c.Field filter sample water in accordance with SOP-04 if appropriate. Add sample preservatives as appropriate; fill out field forms in accordance with SOP-10.

2.Obtain initial pH measurement of sample in accordance with SOP-06. If sample pH is less than 1.65 discard sample.

4.Cap sample bottles and allow samples to remain idle for at least 16 hours but not longer than 24 hours at room temperature.

6.Place bottles in cooler and prepare for sample shipment to laboratory.

2.Measure all wells (monitoring and domestic) from the top of the well casing on the north side or from a designated measuring point, as appropriate. Measure and record distance from measuring point to ground level.

4.Decontaminate well probe between each measurement by scrubbing with Liquinox and brush, then rinsing with deionized water.

2.Perform check of electronic recorder by initiating internal check mode and observing response in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Note irregularities. Record final reading on recorder.

4.Pull recorder, platform, pulley, float, and cable out of well. Backflush stilling well with several buckets of water. Observe connecting pipe in stream for the presence of a silt cloud in the water which indicates a hydraulic connection exists. If not observable, use sewer snake or other means to remove blockage in connecting pipe.

6.Record new settings of recorder on DSM and in log book.

8.Lock recorder housing before leaving the site.

Surface soil/tailings samples are collected from the surface to a depth of one inch. Sufficient sample will be collected for the analysis that will be performed. Soil descriptions will be completed for each collected soil sample in accordance with the procedures outlined in the unified soil classification system (ASTM D2487). Descriptions shall be recorded in field books or on standard morphological description logs.

When sampling soil for organics the samples will be deposited directly into the sample container for shipment to the laboratory without mixing.

SUBSURFACE SAMPLING

Bucket Auger

2. Decontaminate augers and handle using methods described in SOP-011 or with a steam cleaner followed with dilute nitric acid and deionized water rinses.

4.Select sample intervals for packaging for laboratory analysis in accordance with procedures described in the project work plan or sampling and analysis plan. Composite and mix subsamples; obtain a portion of composited sample for XRF determinations or other needs.

6.Decontaminate all equipment between sample locations.

1.Arrive on-site equipped with at least two standard 1.4 inch inside diameter split spoon samplers. If geotechnical information is desired, a 140 pound drive hammer is required.

3.Install sampler into borehole until the top of the undrilled formation is encountered. Using 140 pound drop hammer or by other means, hammer split spoon sampler into formation approximately 18 inches. Record number of blow counts to complete sampling over each 18-inch interval, as necessary. Retrieve sampler and place on work table. Using the other sampler, repeat this sequence.

5.Based upon the project work plan or sampling and analysis plan, composite like core intervals. Mix sample thoroughly and obtain a subsample for XRF and field parameter determinations as necessary.

The detection limit for each parameter is a function of source strength, geometry/particle size, counting time, and the concentration of other elements. Since the source strength and instrument geometry are constants, the detection limit is dependent on geometry/particle size, counting time, and concentration. It has been demonstrated that 80 mesh particle size dominantly composed of a siliceous or calcareous skeletal matrix will give analytical results within 20 percent. The larger the particle size, the larger the error. A rock made up of fine-grained minerals, however, will essentially have the same precision and accuracy as a finely ground sample. Soil samples will be screened and all particles greater than 2 mm (No. 10 sieve) will be removed.

The primary operator will receive one day's training on the proper use of the instrument particularly for health and safety purposes. The manufacturer's statement on radiation safety is also attached. Each operator will have a gamma film badge service (monthly) and will have the dates and times used logged in the record book specifically kept for this purpose.

The XRF will be calibrated before being taken in the field by developing response curves of index values verses actual concentrations of metals in soils. Numerous samples have been analyzed through the CLP program for metals content and splits of these samples are archived in Helena. These splits will be used to develop the response curves so that the index values that are generated in the field can be converted into concentrations. These concentrations will then be used to help direct the soil sampling program for laboratory samples. The XRF will also be calibrated using the internal standards as recommended by the manufacturer. This internal calibration will be performed, each day of use, in the morning, at noon and at the end of the day. Time, temperature and calibration data will be noted during each calibration in the field logbook.

To obtain the best quantitative XRF results, a uniform volume of soil material of generally the same particle size will be used. The sample should be prepared in the following manner: (1) Disaggregate and homogenize field moist sample, foreign objects such as rocks, twigs, roots, etc.; (2) Dry sample preferably overnight in an over set at approximately 105oC; (3) Cool sample to room temperature; (4) Sieve sample through a 2 mm nonmetallic sieve; (5) homogenize sieved sample; and, (6) Place sample in a 2-inch petri dish.

If soil is sticking to the XRF, place a piece of Saran Wrap over the petri dish. If any dust sticks to the head of the XRF, clean it with a fine-bristle paint brush.

Procedure

2.Upon filling a soil sample container, a field scientist will place a completed EPA custody seal over the top of the container. The custody seal serves two purposes. It secures custody of the sample and it secures the lid of the container.

4.The soil samples will then be placed into a cooler labeled "SOIL SAMPLES", with the site identification and date also written on the cooler top. Since soil samples will be in glass ICHEM jars, they will be packed with vermiculite to prevent breakage. The cooler will be packed full, so there is no empty space for the contents to move about.

6.The DCO will double check the forms to assure those samples mentioned on the COC, ITR and SAS are all present and accounted for in the cooler. He/she will document this on the ITR, SAS Packing List and Sample ID Matrix.

8.The DCO will then place the proper COC, and SAS, SIDM, and Packing Lists in a ziplock bag, taped to the inside roof of the cooler.

10.The DCO or field scientist will then seal the cooler and place the appropriate custody seals (one in front and one in back), signed and dated, on the cooler.

12.The cooler will be labeled as to type of samples and date of sampling, with a large felt-type pen. A CH2M HILL label will also be placed on top of the cooler so the laboratory will return the cooler to them.

The documents to be completed during the field sampling exercises are:

All documents will follow strict chain-of-custody procedures. While in the field, documents will be in the custody of the DCO. After the field work has been completed, photocopies of the documents will be used as working documents. The original log books will be transferred to CH2M HILL with chain-of-custody.

Station Location

The STATION LOCATION code will identify each individual sample using a seven-digit alpha/numeric code.

2.The sampling dates will be noted on all field data forms.

3.Appended to the code will be the Sample Matrix (i.e. the type of soil sample being collected).

This sample was collected from the 12th site, was the ninth sample collected, and was soil. Referring to the Sample Identification Matrix further reveals this sample to be a Natural sample of total metals.

1.Measure water levels in the pumping well and all observation wells daily for several days prior to the test to document water table fluctuation. It is preferable to install a continuous water level recorder to obtain this information.

3.Set-up equipment; insure discharge hose/piping is directed away from test area such that the discharge will not influence the test. Obtain any necessary sanitary sewer or other discharge permits.

5.Obtain water level data prior to the test in the pumping well and in all observation wells. Record all data on standardized field forms.

7.Prepare for constant discharge test by coordinating all personnel involved. Collect water level data every 30 seconds for the first five minutes of the test, every minute for the next five minutes, every two minutes for minutes 10 through 20 of the test, every five minutes for minutes 20 through 40, every 10 minutes for minutes 40 through 60, every 15 minutes for minutes 60 through 100, every 30 minutes for minutes 100 through 1000, and every 60 minutes for the remainder of the test. Following termination of the constant discharge test, collect water level recovery data in a sequence similar to that above with the most frequent measurements obtained early in the recovery tests.

9.Record all data on standard field forms and plot drawdown and recovery curves in the field in accordance with methods described in Lohman (1972) or other appropriate techniques as conditions or aquifer type warrant. Note any irregularities in the test on field forms.

Reference:

Slug Testing

2.Insert pressure transducer (if applicable) into well to be tested and allow to stabilize. Measure and record static water level prior to initiation of test.

4.Analyze recorded data in the field in accordance with procedures described in U.S. Department of the Navy (1974), Hvorslev (1951) and/or any other appropriate techniques for the type aquifer being tested.

6.Decontaminate all field equipment prior to leaving each site.

Hvorslev, J.M. 1951. Time lag and soil permeability in ground water observations. Bulletin 36. U.S. Corps of Engineers, Waterways Exp. Sta., Vicksburg, MS.

2.Calibrate PID for contaminants to be measured in accordance with manufacturers recommendations.

4.Apply vacuum to the vent pipe to obtain a sample of air from the zone of interest. Apply vacuum at the same suction and for the same duration at each site.

6.Remove vent pipe and decontaminate by scrubbing with brush and Liquinox solution making certain all vent holes are free of debris. Allow vent pipe to air dry. Insure decontamination is complete by applying vacuum and measuring vent pipe in open air with PID.

2.Rinse decontaminated glass beaker with approximately 50 milliliters of sample water three times.

4.Fill beaker with sample water; minimize agitation.

6.Turn on meter. Obtain reading to nearest ten millivolts.

8.Rinse probe with deionized water and store according to manufacturer's directions.

2.Establish at least two bench marks on or near the study area; these are typically established by driving a spike into a telephone pole or by clearly marking a permanent landmark.

4.Establish horizontal control points throughout the area of interest at key locations. Establish relationship between control points using the direct and reverse horizontal and vertical angle methods.

6. Record all data collected in a standardized format in the project field book.

1.Arrive on-site with all necessary equipment in good working order.

3.Calibrate EM instrument in accordance with manufacturer's directions. Background electrical values should be measured outside known or suspected contaminant areas.

5.At each flagged station, obtain sounding measurement by rotating the coil apparatus 90 degrees. Note and record these values on the field form.

Resistivity Surveys

2.Establish resistivity traverse grid as described under EM, above.

4.Calibrate equipment in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. As with the EM method, background values should be measured outside known or suspected contaminant areas.

6.Obtain readings from voltmeter and record. Calculate and plot apparent resistivities in the field as an immediate quality control check of data collected.

8.To perform sounding surveys, vary the spacing of the electrodes at each site. Record data and make field determinations of apparent resistivity values.

Ponds Containing Water

2.Establish the safety of the ice cover at each sampling site by using an ice bar to determine ice thickness. A minimum ice thickness of six inches is necessary for a safe operating environment.

4.Sample flocculated sediments using a Kemmerer-type sampler or its equivalent. Lower Kemmerer to desired depth in a cocked position; send messenger down the hoisting line to trigger closure of the sampling container. Retrieve sample container and transfer sample to appropriate sample container. Enter sample data on appropriate field forms.

6.Retrieve transparent sampling tube from sampling device. Decant any fluid from the top of the sample tube. Visually inspect tube and note depths and thicknesses of the various stratigraphies on field form. Make certain that a sample of the original bottom material is contained in the sample tube. Denote on appropriate forms desired intervals for chemical analyses. Physically mark these same intervals on the sample tube.

7.Ready sample tube for shipment to laboratory.

Ponds Not Containing Water

2.Set-up drill rig equipped with a split spoon sampler over desired sample site.

4.Prepare lithologic descriptions of samples during the collection process. Select approximately five sampled intervals for submittal to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Samples selected should be representative of the variability of material in the accumulated sediment and the underlying original pond bottom and provide for vertical changes in sediment chemistry.

6.Decontaminate all sampling equipment prior to leaving each sample site.

1.Arrive on-site with all equipment decontaminated and in good working order.

3.Obtain split spoon samples at three foot increments to a depth which intercepts the original pond bottom. Decontaminate split spoon between each sample retrieval. Place samples in plastic sampling bags denoting the interval sampled on the bag.

5.Complete necessary paperwork for sample descriptions and sample shipping.

1.Decontaminate all equipment in accordance with SOP-11.

3.Cut an approximately one-foot diameter hole in the ice to provide access for sampling equipment.

5.Using bailer, evacuate at least three casing volumes of water from the sandpoint. Monitor field parameters for consistency. When field parameters are within plus or minus five percent during three consecutive measurements, sandpoint is ready for sampling.

7.Remove sandpoint. Decontaminate all equipment.

1.Bore hole of sufficient diameter to desired depth to access lysimeter.

3.Visually inspect the lysimeter apparatus for cracks or other irregularities; replace parts as necessary. Decontaminate and initiate fluid rinsing of the lysimeter in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.

5.Evacuate at least three volumes of fluid in the lysimeter to dewater the silica flour slurry prior to sample collection.

1.Apply vacuum to appropriate port on lysimeter to attain a negative pressure of approximately 18 pounds per square inch (psi) on the system.

3.Relieve negative pressure. Apply positive pressure to appropriate port at approximately five psi to force collected sample to the surface.

2.Sound depth of water using a weighted measuring device; record data.

4.Send messenger down the sample line to activate the sampler into a closed position. Retrieve sampler.

6.Fill sampling containers and filter and preserve samples as appropriate.

2.Decontaminate turbidimeter in accordance with SOP-11.

4.Obtain turbidity measurement from collected sample as soon after sampling as possible.

6.Decontaminate turbidimeter in accordance with SOP-11.

2.Prepare soil paste from soil sample collected by diluting soil with deionized water at a ratio of one volume of soil to three volumes of deionized water in a decontaminated container.

4.Decontaminate all field instrumentation and sample containers in accordance with SOP-11.

2.Field filter collected sample in accordance with SOP-04.

4.Place prepared sample into cooler maintained at a temperature of less than 4 degrees C.

At a minimum, entries on the field sheet shall include:

*Date and time of starting work and weather conditions

*Names of field crew leader and team members

*Project name or type

*Description of site conditions and any unusual circumstances

*Location of sample site, including map reference, if relevant

*Equipment ID numbers

*Details of actual work effort, particularly any deviations from the field operations plan or standard operating procedures

*Field observations

*Any field measurements made (e.g., Static Water Level, Dissolved Oxygen)

*Type and number of samples collected

*Sampling method, particularly deviations from the operating procedures

*Strict custody procedures shall be maintained with the field form utilized. While being used in the field, field forms shall remain with the field team at all times. Upon completion of the field effort, field forms shall be filed in an appropriately secure manner in a Northern office. Photocopies of the original field forms will be used as working documents.

Field personnel must wear disposable examination gloves while decontaminating equipment at the project site. Every precaution must be taken by personnel to prevent contaminating themselves with the wash water and rinse water used in the decontamination process.

1.Set up the decontamination zone approximately 15 feet upwind from the sampling area. This area will be designated by the field crew leader.

3.The general decontamination sequence for field equipment includes: wash with a 1% Liquinox or its equivalent; DI water rinse; air dry; methanol rinse; DI water rinse; rinse with sample water three times.

If vehicles used during sampling become contaminated, wash both inside and outside as necessary.

Documents to be completed for each sample generated during the Screening study are:

*Field Form
*Chain-of-Custody Form
*Custody Seal
*Packing Lists and Analysis

2.Decontaminate all stingers, air hoses, surge blocks, bailers, pumps, etc. by following SOP-39.

4.Develop well by using surging techniques (with compressed air surge block or bailer) followed by well evacuation. Repeat this procedure until evacuated water is clear and essentially sand-free.

6.Report field observations on standard form or in field book.

Purging must be performed on all wells prior to sample collection. Depending on the stability of pH and conductivit readings, three or more borehole volumes of groundwater in casing and backfill (filter pack) shall be withdrawn prior to sample collection. The volume of water present in each well shall be computed using the length of water column, monitoring well inside diameter, borehole diameter, length of filter pack and porosity estimate of filter pack. Wells shall be checked for the presence of free product prior to purging and sampling, if appropriate.

Field parameters will be measured periodically during the discharge period. When the field parameters remain at plus or minus five percent over successive readings the well is ready for sampling.

Monitoring Wells

2.Use disposal surgical gloves throughout sampling procedure and new gloves for each sampling point.

4.Tie a bowline knot through the bailer loop.

6.Purge well by bailing and place water in graduated 5 gallon bucket to compute total discharge volume.

8.Measure pH and specific conductance (SOP-05 and SOP-06).

10.Field filter sample as appropriate in accordance to SOP-04.

12.Rinse sample containers, without preservatives, with sample water before final collection.

14.Label each sample container with project number, sample location, well owner, date, military time, sampler's initials, preservative, and analysis required.

Domestic Wells

2.Use disposable surgical gloves throughout sampling procedure and new gloves for each sampling point.

5.Record all measurements on the Field Sampling Form (SOP-10).

7.Monitor field parameters (pH and specific conductance) periodically during purging process. When purge volume is equal to 3 casing volume, and/or when field parameters are within plus or minus ten percent (+ 10%) over 3 successive readings the well is ready for sampling.

9.Sample well using appropriate sample containers and preservatives ("Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation of Water and Wastewater", EPA-600/4-82-029, "Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analyses of Pollutants Under the Clean Water Act", 40 CFR 136, and "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes," EPA SW-846).

11.For volatile analyses add preservative to sample vial and fill vials at the rate of 100 milliliters per minute (24 seconds for 40 milliliter vial); form positive meniscus over vial brim and cap. After capping, invert vial, gently tap and look for air bubbles. If bubbles are present, un-cap vial, add more water and repeat procedure.

12.Label each sample container with project number, sample location, well owner, date, military time, sampler's initials, preservative, and analysis required.

A.Arrive on-site with decontaminated equipment in working order.

B.Calibrate PID or FID for contaminants to be measured in accordance with manufacturers recommendations.

C.Insert perforated probe into subsurface to the desired depth by pushing or pounding methods.

D.Apply vacuum to the perforated probe pipe to obtain a sample of air from the zone of interest. Apply vacuum at the same suction and for the same duration at each site.

E.Remove vacuum and insert tygon tube connected to the PID or FID into the perforated probe. Record value measured on the PID or FID after stabilization.

F.Remove perforated probe and decontaminate by scrubbing with brush and Liquinox solution making certain all vent holes are free of debris. Allow perforated probe to air dry. Insure decontamination is complete by applying vacuum and measuring perforated probe in open air with PID or FID.

A.Arrive on-site with decontaminated equipment in working order.

B.Calibrate PID or FID.

C.Transfer material to be surveyed immediately from sampling device into clean one-quart glass jar. Fill jar approximately two-thirds full and seal jar with aluminum foil.

D.Label sample jar.

E.Allow sample to equilibrate for a consistent time to some consistent temperature that is higher than the ambient sample temperature.

F.Puncture aluminum foil with PID or FID intake nozzle and allow instrument to stabilize, usually with 5 seconds of exposure to this "headspace" gas.

G.Record stabilized instrument reading on standard field form.

At each location selected for soil sampling,(ie: one residential lot, one playground), three individual sites at that location will be sampled if average XRF readings for metals from that location are within 50 percent of the highest readings obtained. Samples from each of the three sites will be combined in a plastic tub and mixed. If a particular location selected for soil sampling has one or two sites with XRF readings greater than 50 percent of the average of all the XRF readings at that location, only the one or two sites with the highest readings will be sampled.

Between sample collection, all equipment will be cleaned thoroughly with a stiff brush and rinsed with distilled water and paper towels. Equipment rinsate samples will be collected after decontamination as a cross-contamination blank at a frequency specified in the Field Sampling Plan (FSP). Bottle blanks, consisting of distilled water used for decontamination placed into a sampling jar, will also be inserted into the sample train at a frequency specified in the FSP.